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2.
West Indian med. j ; 67(spe): 410-414, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045885

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Aim: To compare present trends in utilization of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with trends seen during the period when neonates were ventilated in the main intensive care unit of the University Hospital of the West Indies. Methods: Data from previously published studies on outcome of neonates ventilated at the main intensive care unit 1987-2001, the neonatal intensive care unit 2002-2004 and the annual perinatal statistics (2006-2010, 2015) were reviewed to detect trends in mechanical ventilation, utilization and outcome. Descriptive analyses were performed. Results: The number of neonates mechanically ventilated per thousand admissions increased from 10/1000 in the 1990s to 73/1000 in 2015. Percentage mortality for ventilated neonates increased from 51% between 1987-1991 to 62 % in 2015. The proportion of extremely low birthweight infants (< 1000 g) mechanically ventilated increased from 29% in 1987-1991 to 50% in 2015. The percentage mortality for extremely low birthweight infants increased from 17.5% in 1987-1991 to 40.6% in 2015. The percentage mortality for all other birthweight categories decreased over time. Respiratory distress syndrome remains the major reason for neonates requiring mechanical ventilation. Fifty per cent of neonates < 1500 g ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome received surfactant replacement therapy. Conclusion: Access to mechanical ventilation by neonates has increased tremendously at the University Hospital of the West Indies. The present challenge, however, is decreasing mortality in these neonates who access this technology.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar las tendencias actuales en la utilización de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) con las tendencias observadas durante el período en que los neonatos eran ventilados en la Unidad Principal de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Universitario de West Indies. Métodos: Se revisaron los datos de estudios publicados anteriormente sobre el resultado clínico de los neonatos ventilados en la Unidad Principal de Cuidados Intensivos en 1987-2001, La Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales en 2002-2004 y las y las Esta-dísticas Perinatales Anuales (2006-2010, 2015) con el propósito de detectar las tendencias en la utilización y los resultados de la ventilación mecánica. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos. Resultados: El número de neonatos ventilados mecánicamente por cada mil ingresos aumentó de 10/1000 en la década de 1990 a 73/1000 en 2015. El porcentaje de mortalidad de neonatos ventilados aumentó de 51% entre 1987-1991 a 62% en 2015. La proporción de neonatos de peso extremadamente bajo al nacer (< 1000 g) ventilados mecánicamente aumentó de 29% en 1987-1991 a 50% en 2015. El porcentaje de mortalidad de recién nacidos de peso extremadamente bajo al nacer aumentó de 17.5% en 1987-1991 a 40.6% en 2015. La mortalidad porcentual para todas las otras categorías de peso al nacer disminuyó con el tiempo. El síndrome de dificultad respiratoria sigue siendo la razón principal por la que los neonatos requieren ventilación mecánica. El cincuenta por ciento de los neonatos < 1500 g ventilados por el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria recibió terapia de reemplazo de surfactantes. Conclusión: El acceso a la ventilación mecánica por los neonatos ha aumentado enormemente en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies. No obstante, el reto actual es disminuir la mortalidad de los neonatos que acceden a esta tecnología.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Respiration, Artificial/trends , Intensive Care, Neonatal/methods , Infant Mortality , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/therapy , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Meconium Aspiration Syndrome/therapy , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units
3.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 92(1): 88-95, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-775173

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of analgesia versus neonatologists' perception regarding analgesic use in painful procedures in the years 2001, 2006, and 2011. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of all newborns admitted to four university neonatal intensive care units during one month in 2001, 2006, and 2011. The frequency of analgesic prescription for painful procedures was evaluated. Of the 202 neonatologists, 188 answered a questionnaire giving their opinion on the intensity of pain during lumbar puncture, tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and postoperative period using a 10-cm visual analogic scale (VAS; pain >3 cm). RESULTS: For lumbar puncture, 12% (2001), 43% (2006), and 36% (2011) were performed using analgesia. Among the neonatologists, 40-50% reported VAS >3 for lumbar puncture in all study periods. For intubation, 30% received analgesia in the study periods, and 35% (2001), 55% (2006), and 73% (2011) of the neonatologists reported VAS >3 and would prescribe analgesia for this procedure. As for mechanical ventilation, 45% (2001), 64% (2006), and 48% (2011) of patient-days were under analgesia; 56% (2001), 57% (2006), and 26% (2011) of neonatologists reported VAS >3 and said they would use analgesia during mechanical ventilation. For the first three post-operative days, 37% (2001), 78% (2006), and 89% (2011) of the patients received analgesia and more than 90% of neonatologists reported VAS >3 for major surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in the medical perception of neonatal pain and in analgesic use during painful procedures, the gap between clinical practice and neonatologist perception of analgesia need did not change during the ten-year period.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Confrontar o uso de analgesia versus a percepção de neonatologistas quanto ao emprego de analgésicos para procedimentos dolorosos em 2001, 2006 e 2011. MÉTODOS: Coorte prospectiva de todos recém-nascidos internados em quatro unidades universitárias. Avaliou-se a frequência do emprego de analgésicos para procedimentos dolorosos por um mês dos anos de estudo. Dos 202 neonatologistas atuantes nas unidades nos três períodos, 188 assinalaram em escala analógica visual de 10 cm (dor >3 cm) a intensidade da dor sentida pelo recém-nascido na punção lombar, intubação traqueal, ventilação mecânica e no pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Para punção lombar, 12%, 43% e 36% foram feitas com analgesia em 2001, 2006 e 2011 e 40-50% dos neonatologistas referiam indicar analgésicos na punção lombar nos três períodos. Na intubação, 30% foram feitas sob analgesia nos três períodos e 35% (2001), 55% (2006) e 73% (2011) dos médicos diziam indicar analgésicos. Quanto à ventilação mecânica, 45-64% dos ventilados-dia estavam sob analgesia nos três períodos e 56% (2001), 57% (2006) e 26% (2011) dos neonatologistas diziam usar analgésicos. Dos pacientes-dia nos três primeiros dias de pós-operatório, 37% (2001), 78% (2006) e 89% (2011) receberam alguma dose de analgésico. Mais de 90% dos médicos referiam usar analgesia para essa situação. CONCLUSÕES: Entre 2001 e 2011, ocorreu aumento no uso de analgésicos para procedimentos dolorosos nas unidades neonatais e uma percepção mais acentuada por parte dos médicos de que o recém-nascido sente dor, mas o lapso entre a prática clínica e a percepção médica quanto à presença de dor persistiu.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Analgesia/trends , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Perception , Pain Management/trends , Professional Practice/trends , Analgesia/standards , Cohort Studies , Intensive Care, Neonatal/methods , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Pain Measurement , Prospective Studies , Pain Management/standards , Professional Practice/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors
4.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; mar. 2015. 113f p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-983423

ABSTRACT

Considerações iniciais: As malformações congênitas vêm apresentando relevância crescente como causa de sofrimento e prejuízos à saúde da população. A incorporação de tecnologia nas áreas de terapia intensiva neonatal e pediátrica está possibilitando maior chance de sobrevivência dos recém-nascidos de alto risco. Em vista aos quadros clínicos de grande complexidade que representam risco de vida, os bebês são submetidos a procedimentos invasivos que demandam por parte da equipe conhecimento e aprimoramento constante, e que dentre as tecnologias utilizadas a Terapia Intravenosa (TIV) merece destaque. Objetivo geral: Descrever o perfil dos recém-nascidos portadores de gastrosquise e onfalocele em uso de terapia intravenosa e internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal Cirúrgica (UTINC). Objetivos específicos: identificar os tipos de dispositivos intravenosos utilizados por recém-nascidos com gastrosquise e onfalocele; identificar os tipos de fármacos e soluções infundidos pela via intravenosa em recém-nascidos com gastrosquise e onfalocele; Identificar as complicações relacionadas à terapia intravenosa em recém-nascidos com gastrosquise e onfalocele; analisar as demandas de cuidados de enfermagem relacionadas à terapia intravenosa de recém-nascidos com gastrosquise e onfalocele. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de delineamento transversal e retrospectivo...


Initial considerations: Congenital malformations present a growing importance as a reason ofsuffering and damages to population health. Incorporating technology to neonatal and pediatricintensive care makes possible a higher survival chance to high-risk newborn. In face of clinical picturesof high complexity representing life threatening, babies receive invasive procedures, which demandfrom the team constant knowledge and improvement and, among all the technologies used, deservehighlighting. Overall goal: To describe the profile of newborns suffering gastroschisis and omphalocelereceiving intravenous therapy and admitted into neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Specific goals: toidentify what are the intravenous advices used to newborns suffering gastroschisis and omphalocele; toidentify what are the drugs and solutions intravenous infused on newborns suffering gastroschisis andomphalocele; to identify the complications related to intravenous therapy on newborns sufferinggastroschisis and omphalocele; to analyze the nursing care demands related to intravenous therapy onnewborns suffering gastroschisis and omphalocele. Methodology: Cross-sectional retrospective anddescriptive study...


Subject(s)
Animals , Infant, Newborn , Abdominal Wall/abnormalities , Gastroschisis/nursing , Hernia, Umbilical/nursing , Infusions, Intravenous , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Nursing Care/statistics & numerical data
5.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 58(3): 213-219, jul.-set. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-877952

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Recém-nascidos pré-termo (RNPT) apresentam elevada morbidade respiratória e necessidade de ventilação mecânica, assim, a fisioterapia respiratória é parte integrante da assistência destes neonatos. O presente estudo pretende avaliar a influência da fisioterapia respiratória e da aspiração endotraqueal sobre a frequência cardíaca e respiratória e saturação de oxigênio em RNPT. Mé- todos: Ensaio clínico aberto do tipo antes-depois. O presente estudo analisou os prontuários de todos os RNPT com idade entre 3 e 7 dias de vida, que estavam em ventilação mecânica e com solicitação médica para fisioterapia respiratória. Foi utilizado questionário, elaborado pelos autores, constando dados da mãe, dados do parto, Apgar do 1º e 5º minuto de vida, diagnósticos clínicos e valores de frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória e saturação de oxigênio antes e depois da fisioterapia respiratória. Resultados: A frequência cardíaca revelou queda estatisticamente significativa após a técnica fisioterápica em todos os períodos observados. A frequência respiratória não apresentou diferença significativa estatística após a técnica na parte da manhã. Em contrapartida, no período da tarde, o mesmo parâmetro apresentou diminuição estatisticamente significativa quando submetida a técnica fisioterápica. A variável saturação de oxigênio apresentou diferença estatística significativa em todos os períodos analisados, com exceção do último, na parte da tarde, na evolução dos 30 minutos pós-fisioterapia. Conclusão: A fisioterapia neonatal demonstrou ser um procedimento terapêutico sem repercussões deletérias em relação às variáveis fisiológicas para o tratamento da população estudada (AU)


Introduction: Preterm newborns exhibit high respiratory morbidity and need for mechanical ventilation. Respiratory therapy is an integral part of the care of these neonates. This study aims to evaluate the influence of physiotherapy and endotracheal suctioning on heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation in preterm infants. Methods: An open-label clinical trial, of the before-after type. The present study analyzed the medical records of all preterm infants aged 3-7 days who were on mechanical ventilation and had medical request for respiratory therapy. A questionnaire developed by the authors was used, consisting of mother data, delivery data, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, clinical diagnoses and heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation values before and after chest physiotherapy. Results: Heart rate showed a statistically significant decrease after physical therapy in all observed periods. Respiratory rate was not statistically significantly different if physical therapy was delivered in the morning. If delivered in the afternoon, however, the same parameter was statistically significantly decreased. Oxygen saturation was statistically different in all analyzed periods, except the last, in the afternoon, in the 30-minute progress post physical therapy. Conclusion: Neonatal physical therapy proved to be an effective therapeutic procedure without deleterious consequences as regards physiological responses for the treatment of this population (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Suction , Breathing Exercises , Premature Birth/epidemiology , Respiratory Rate , Heart Rate , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data
6.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 15(3): 490-496, jul.-set. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-598458

ABSTRACT

O estudo buscou compreender os sentimentos vivenciados por mulheres-mães diante da cirurgia neonatal de seus filhos, portadores de malformações congênitas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada no método história de vida. Utilizou a entrevista aberta entre 18 mulheres-mães de recém-nascidos submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos no período neonatal. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre julho e agosto de 2009. A análise temática das narrativas apontou para a expectativa de "normalização" da criança e das trajetórias de vida das mulheres. A experiência de hospitalização é ambígua: ao passo que desejam e criam grande expectativa perante o ato cirúrgico, sentem-se em conflito com múltiplos medos (da morte, da anestesia e da cronicidade). No processo de cuidado aos portadores de malformações congênitas cirúrgicas, a enfermagem deve considerar não apenas a visão técnica, mas, sobretudo, os sentimentos ambíguos expressos pelas mulheres-mães, em uma importante fase de construção de vínculos afetivos junto ao seu filho.


The study sought to understand the feelings experienced by women-mothers of neonatal surgery on his children, patients with congenital malformations. This is a qualitative research method based on the life history. We used structured interviews with eighteen women, mothers of infants undergoing surgical procedures in the neonatal period. Data collection was conducted between July and August 2009. The thematic analysis of narratives pointed to the expectation of "normalization" of the child and the life trajectories of women. Hospital admission is ambiguous: while wishing to create great expectations and forward to the surgery, they feel in conflict with multiple fears (of death, anesthesia, and chronicity). In the process of care to patients with congenital surgical malformations nursing must consider not only the technical view, but above all, the ambiguous feelings expressed by womenmothers, in an important phase of building emotional bonds with your child.


El estudio trata de comprender los sentimientos que experimentan las mujeres-madres frente a la cirugía neonatal de los hijos, los pacientes con malformaciones congénitas. Este es un estudio cualitativo basado en el método historia de vida. Utilizó la entrevista grabada entre dieciocho mujeres, las madres de recién nacidos sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos en el período neonatal. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo entre julio y agosto de 2009. El análisis temático de las narrativas señaló que la expectativa de "normalización" de los niños y las trayectorias de vida de las mujeres. La experiencia de hospitalización es ambigua: al mismo tiempo que deseen para crear grandes expectativas y lo remitirá a la cirugía, se sienten en conflicto con varios temores (de la muerte, la anestesia y la cronicidad). En el proceso de atención a pacientes con malformaciones congénitas quirúrgicas, la enfermería debe considerar no sólo el punto de vista técnico, pero sobre todo, los sentimientos de ambigüedad expresados por las mujeres-madres, en una fase impor tante de la construcción de vínculos afectivos con su hijo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Congenital Abnormalities/surgery , Neonatal Nursing/statistics & numerical data , Qualitative Research , Mother-Child Relations , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data
7.
Indian J Med Sci ; 2009 Apr; 63(4): 145-51
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-67141

ABSTRACT

Background : Medication is the most common health-care intervention, and the errors arising out of its usage are potentially an avoidable cause of iatrogenic injuries. There are reports of medication errors from neonatal emergency setups. Aims : To study the medication errors of ordering, dispensing and administering in neonates admitted for emergency care and to compare the errors occurring in the emergency department (ED) with those occurring in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a teaching hospital in north India. Primary objective: To study the medication errors in ordering and dispensing for neonates. Secondary objective: To compare these errors in 2 different settings - ED and NICU. Materials and Methods : We did a retrospective chart review of neonatal prescriptions written in the 4 months from January to April 2004 in the neonatal intensive care unit and the pediatric emergency department. The prescriptions were analyzed from the case records bearing an even registration number, obtained from the hospital 'medical records' section. Medication error was defined as 'any preventable event that occurs in the process of ordering, transcribing, dispensing, administering or monitoring a drug irrespective of whether the injury occurred or potential for injury was present.' Results : A total of 821 prescriptions were analyzed and 81 (9.6%) errors were detected. The error rate was found to be 1.5 (54/38) and 0.7 (27/38) per patient in ED and NICU, respectively, being highly significant in ED. Every tenth prescription had medication error in ordering or dispensing; of this, every sixth prescription in ED and nineteenth prescription in NICU had medication error. Dosing errors were the commonest form of detected errors. None of the errors caused any significant harm to the patient but had the potential to cause severe injury, and majority of these errors were preventable. Conclusion : Medication errors are common in neonatology; more so, in emergency departments than in the neonatal intensive care units.


Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Teaching/statistics & numerical data , Humans , India , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Teaching/statistics & numerical data , Humans , India , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies
8.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2009 Jan; 76(1): 25-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-82308

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility and acceptability of Kangaroo mother care (KMC) on the low birth weight infants (LBWI) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) by the mothers, family members and health care workers (HCW) and to observe its effect on the vital parameters of the babies. METHOD: A observation in the NICU. RESULTS: A total of 135 babies (74 boys and 61 girls) who completed minimum of 4 hrs of KMC/day, were included. The mean birth weight and gestation were 1460 gm and 30 week respectively. 47% babies started KMC within first week of age. Mean duration of KMC was 7 days (3-48) days. The O(2) saturation improved by 2-3%, temperature ( degrees C) rose from 36.75 +/- 0.19 to 37.23 +/- 0.25, respiration stabilized (p<0.05 for all) and heart rate dropped by 3-5 beats. No episodes of hypothermia or apnea were observed during KMC. KMC was accepted by 96 % mothers, 82% fathers and 84% other family members. 94% HCW considered it to be safe and conservative method of care of LBWI. Benefits of KMC on the babies' behavior and on maternal confidence and lactation were reported by 57%, 94% and 80% respectively. A decline in use of heating devices in the NICU was reported by 85% and 79% said it did not increase their work load. CONCLUSION: KMC was found to be safe, effective and feasible method of care of LBWI even in the NICU settings. Positive attitudes were observed in mothers, families and HCW.


Subject(s)
Catchment Area, Health , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infant Care/methods , Infant Care/statistics & numerical data , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Male , Mother-Child Relations
9.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 84(4): 300-307, jul.-ago. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BVSAM | ID: lil-511746

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores perinatais associados ao óbito neonatal precoce em prematuros com peso ao nascer entre 400 e 1.500 g. MÉTODOS: Coorte prospectiva e multicêntrica dos nascidos vivos com idade gestacional de 23 a 33 semanas e peso de 400-1.500 g, sem malformações em oito maternidades públicas terciárias universitárias entre junho de 2004 e maio de 2005. As características maternas e neonatais e a morbidade nas primeiras 72 horas de vida foram comparadas entre os prematuros que morreram ou sobreviveram até o sexto dia de vida. As variáveis perinatais associadas ao óbito neonatal precoce foram determinadas por regressão logística. RESULTADOS: No período, 579 recém-nascidos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. O óbito precoce ocorreu em 92 (16 por cento) neonatos, variando entre as unidades de 5 a 31 por cento, e tal diferença persistiu controlando-se por um escore de gravidade clínica (SNAPPE-II). A análise multivariada para o desfecho óbito neonatal intra-hospitalar precoce mostrou associação com: idade gestacional de 23-27 semanas (odds ratio - OR = 5,0; IC95 por cento 2,7-9,4), ausência de hipertensão materna (OR = 1,9; IC95 por cento 1,0-3,7), Apgar 0-6 no 5º minuto (OR = 2,8; IC95 por cento 1,4-5,4), presença de síndrome do desconforto respiratório (OR = 3,1; IC95 por cento 1,4-6,6) e centro em que o paciente nasceu. CONCLUSÃO: Importantes fatores associados ao óbito neonatal precoce em prematuros de muito baixo peso são passíveis de intervenção, como a melhora da vitalidade fetal ao nascer e a diminuição da incidência e gravidade da síndrome do desconforto respiratório. As diferenças de mortalidade encontradas entre os centros apontam para a necessidade de identificar as melhores práticas e adotá-las de maneira uniforme em nosso meio.


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate perinatal factors associated with early neonatal death in preterm infants with birth weights (BW) of 400-1,500 g. METHODS: A multicenter prospective cohort study of all infants with BW of 400-1,500 g and 23-33 weeks of gestational age (GA), without malformations, who were born alive at eight public university tertiary hospitals in Brazil between June of 2004 and May of 2005. Infants who died within their first 6 days of life were compared with those who did not regarding maternal and neonatal characteristics and morbidity during the first 72 hours of life. Variables associated with the early deaths were identified by stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 579 live births met the inclusion criteria. Early deaths occurred in 92 (16 percent) cases, varying between centers from 5 to 31 percent, and these differences persisted after controlling for newborn illness severity and mortality risk score (SNAPPE-II). According to the multivariate analysis, the following factors were associated with early intrahospital neonatal deaths: gestational age of 23-27 weeks (odds ratio - OR = 5.0; 95 percentCI 2.7-9.4), absence of maternal hypertension (OR = 1.9; 95 percentCI 1.0-3.7), 5th minute Apgar 0-6 (OR = 2.8; 95 percentCI 1.4-5.4), presence of respiratory distress syndrome (OR = 3.1; 95 percentCI 1.4-6.6), and network center of birth. CONCLUSION: Important perinatal factors that are associated with early neonatal deaths in very low birth weight preterm infants can be modified by interventions such as improving fetal vitality at birth and reducing the incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome. The heterogeneity of early neonatal rates across the different centers studied indicates that best clinical practices should be identified and disseminated throughout the country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant Mortality , Infant, Premature , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Intensive Care, Neonatal/standards , Perinatal Care/standards , Apgar Score , Birth Weight , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Gestational Age , Hospital Mortality , Hospitals, Public , Hospitals, University , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/standards , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Perinatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Prenatal Care , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Regional Medical Programs , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/mortality
10.
São Paulo med. j ; 126(3): 156-160, May 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-489024

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: In 2002, the early neonatal mortality rate in Brazil was 12.42 per thousand live births. Perinatal asphyxia was the greatest cause of neonatal death (about 23 percent). This study aimed to evaluate the availability of the resources required for neonatal resuscitation in delivery rooms of public hospitals in Brazilian state capitals. DESIGN AND SETTING: Multicenter cross-sectional study involving 36 hospitals in 20 Brazilian state capitals in June 2003. METHODS: Each Brazilian region was represented by 1-4 percent of its live births. A local coordinator collected data regarding physical infrastructure, supplies and professionals available for neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room. The information was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 10. RESULTS: Among the 36 hospitals, 89 percent were referral centers for high-risk pregnancies. Each institution had a monthly mean of 365 live births (3 percent < 1,500 g and 15 percent < 2,500 g). The 36 hospitals had 125 resuscitation tables (3-4 per hospital), all with overhead radiant heat, oxygen and vacuum sources. Appropriate equipment for pulmonary ventilation was available for more than 90 percent of the 125 resuscitation tables. On average, one pediatrician, three nurses and five nursing assistants per shift worked in the delivery rooms of each institution. Out of the 874 pediatricians and 1,037 nursing personnel that worked in the delivery rooms of the 36 hospitals, 94 percent and 22 percent, respectively, were trained in neonatal resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: The main public maternity hospitals in Brazilian state capitals have the resources to resuscitate neonates at birth.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Em 2002, a mortalidade neonatal precoce brasileira foi 12,42 para cada mil nascidos vivos e a asfixia perinatal foi responsável por 23 por cento dessas mortes. Este estudo visa avaliar a disponibilidade dos recursos necessários para a reanimação neonatal nas salas de parto de hospitais públicos brasileiros. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal multicêntrico de 36 maternidades, em 20 capitais brasileiras, em junho de 2003. MÉTODOS: As maternidades selecionadas em cada região brasileira representaram 1-4 por cento dos nascidos vivos da região. O coordenador local da pesquisa respondeu a um questionário estruturado com dados a respeito da estrutura física, os equipamentos e o pessoal disponível para a reanimação neonatal em cada maternidade. A análise descritiva foi feita por meio do programa Statistical Package for Social Science 10.0. RESULTADOS: 89 por cento das 36 maternidades eram referência para gestação de risco. Cada hospital tinha um número médio mensal de 365 nascimentos (3 por cento < 1.500 g e 15 por cento < 2.500 g). Os 36 hospitais tinham 125 mesas de reanimação (3-4/hospital), todas com calor radiante, fonte de oxigênio e vácuo. Equipamento adequado para ventilação pulmonar estava disponível em mais de 90 por cento das 125 mesas. Em média, um pediatra, três enfermeiras e cinco auxiliares de enfermagem trabalhavam por turno nas salas de parto de cada instituição. Dos 874 pediatras e 1.037 profissionais de enfermagem que atuavam nas salas de parto, 94 por cento e 22 por cento haviam recebido treinamento em reanimação neonatal respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: As maternidades públicas das capitais brasileiras apresentam salas de parto com infra-estrutura adequada para a reanimação neonatal.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Delivery Rooms/organization & administration , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Maternal Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Personnel, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Resuscitation/statistics & numerical data , Asphyxia Neonatorum/epidemiology , Birth Weight , Brazil , Cities/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery Rooms , Delivery Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Maternity , Hospitals, Maternity/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Public , Infant Mortality , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Live Birth , Maternal Health Services , Maternal Health Services/organization & administration , Perinatal Care , Personnel, Hospital/education , Resuscitation/education , Resuscitation/instrumentation
12.
Indian Pediatr ; 2003 Oct; 40(10): 991-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-8145

ABSTRACT

The present study was designed to ascertain the maternal and neonatal profile and immediate outcome of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) babies at a Level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Case records of ELBW inborn babies delivered between August 2000 and August 2001 were analyzed by using a preset proforma. A total of 52 ELBW babies were admitted in NICU in the relevant period, out of which 30 (57%) survived. Maternal anemia and previous pre-term (PT) delivery were the common predisposing factors for PT delivery. Mean gestational age was 27.8 weeks and mean birth weight was 831 grams. Mortality was highest in babies less than 28 weeks gestation. Neonatal hyper-bilirubinemia (78%) and HMD/RDS (65%) were the commonest morbidity. Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) screening could be done in 35 babies (68%), out of which 22 were found to be normal.


Subject(s)
Cause of Death , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infant Mortality , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Male , Morbidity , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Steroids/therapeutic use , Survival Rate
13.
Ceylon Med J ; 1999 Jun; 44(2): 81-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-47667

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of neonatal septicaemia, and to identify risk factors, clinical presentations and causal organisms. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Neonatal Care Unit, University Paediatric Unit, Colombo North Teaching Hospital. SUBJECTS: Neonates admitted from January to December 1996 with clinical evidence of septicaemia. METHOD: Gestational age, birth weight and mode of delivery were evaluated as risk factors for septicaemia. Although diagnosis of septicaemia was made on clinical grounds, blood cultures were performed in all babies. Data was analysed by using Epi Info version 6. RESULTS: 98 babies had septicaemia. Incidence of septicaemia was 24.4 per 1000 live births and case fatality rate was 11.2%. Incidence was significantly higher in preterm babies, babies with low birth weight (LBW) and those born following instrumental delivery. 21.4% developed septicaemia on the first day of life, 74.5% between 2 and 7 days and 4.1% after the first week. Common presenting features were fever 61.2%, jaundice 52%, lethargy 37.8% refusal of feeds 25.5%, coffee grounds vomiting 22.4%, and fits 12.2%. Common bacteria identified were Klebsiella 26.5%, Staphylococcus aureus 15.3%, coliform bacilli 9.2% and spore forming bacilli 9.2%. Common sensitive antibiotics were amikacin 88.9%, amoxycillin + clavulanic acid 83%, ceftriaxone 78.1% and netilmicin 63.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Septicaemia is an important cause of morbidity, particularly in preterm babies, in babies with LBW and those with instrumentation at birth. The high incidence of late onset septicaemia together with the findings of Klebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus as common and resistant pathogens for septicaemia indicate that the majority were nosocomial infections.


Subject(s)
Age of Onset , Birth Weight , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery, Obstetric , Female , Gestational Age , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Incidence , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pilot Projects , Risk Factors , Sepsis/diagnosis , Sri Lanka/epidemiology
15.
Rev. mex. pediatr ; 64(6): 247-53, nov.-dic. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-225185

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Se documenta la experiencia clínica obtenida con la ventilación de alta frecuencia de flujo interrumpido, en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron para estudio a 19 niños que ameritaron cambio de ventilación mandatoria intermitente a ventilación de alta frecuencia de flujo interrumpido a criterios clínicos y gasométricos, así como la frecuencia de complicaciones observadas en los niños. Resultados: Los neonatos tenían problemas pulmonares. El diagnóstico principal para decidir el cambio a la VAFFI fue la hipertensión pulmonar persistente. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre la predicción de muerte y la que ocurrió (P < 0.05). Los neonatos mostraron mejoría significativa (P < 0.05) en la PaO2 y la PaCO2. Conclusiones: La VAFFI es útil en pacientes hipoxémicos, particularmente eliminando CO2. Disminuye el riesgo de muerte y complicaciones entre los pacientes que la reciben, de acuerdo a los criterios clínicos que se adoptaron en ese estudio


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , High-Frequency Ventilation/adverse effects , High-Frequency Ventilation
16.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 54(7): 323-30, jul. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-225280

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La nutrición parenteral total (NPT) es un instrumento que se emplea con mucha frecuencia en el recién nacido (RN) críticamente enfermo, pero no es inocua. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la frecuencia de las complicaciones de la NPT y a qué factores se asociaron. Material y métodos. Durante un lapso de 2 años 5 meses (enero de 1993 a mayor de 1995) se estudiaron en forma retrospectiva 146 expedientes de pacientes que habían recibido NPT por un tiempo mínimo de 2 días, 74 fueron masculinos y 72 femeninos, 79 de pretérmino y los restantes de término. Los resultados se evaluaron con estadística descriptiva e inferencial a través de t de Student, Chi cuadrada o probabilidad exacta de Fisher. Resultados. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron: acidosis metabólica con 38 casos (26 por ciento), hiperglucemia con 37 casos (25.3 por ciento), hiperkalemia 28 casos (19.1 por ciento), colestasis 19 casos (13 por ciento), septicemia 14 casos 89.5 por ciento) y otras tales como: hipocalcemia, obstrucción del catéter y flebitis menos frecuentes. Hubo correlación significativa entre el tiempo de duración de la NPT y septicemia (P=0.002); la colestasis se asoció a la administración de proteínas de 2.5 g o más por kg de peso por día (P=0.003) y a una duración de NPT mayor a 21 días (P=0.006). La duración de la NPT en relación a las complicaciones también fue significativa (P=0.0002). Conclusiones. Se concluye que la NPT es una buena alternativa para el manejo del RN que la requiera, en donde deben de monitorizarse estrechamente los cuidados del catéter y aspectos metabólicos. Cuando no se cuente con aminoácidosis especiales para RN se recomienda no utilizar proteínas por arriba de 2.4 g/kg/día


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Acidosis/etiology , Cholestasis/etiology , Hypercalcemia/etiology , Hyperglycemia/etiology , Hypocalcemia/etiology , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Parenteral Nutrition, Total/adverse effects , Parenteral Nutrition, Total/statistics & numerical data , Amino Acids/analysis , Carbohydrates/analysis , Sepsis/etiology
17.
Kinesiologia ; (47): 10-5, jun. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-196181

ABSTRACT

La succión endotraqueal se plantea como un procedimiento potencialmente deletereo además de rutinario dentro de las acciones de kinesiología respitaroria. En uns tendencia hacia la normalización de la técnica se encuestó a 77 kinesiológos, a lo largo del país, que jecutaban dicho procedimiento, en unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales. El objetivo fue consultar sobre evaluación previa, la ejecución, los riesgos y complicaciones de la succión endotraqueal, en especial en neonatos con labilidad hemodinámica cerebral. De los 31 centros encuestados se obtuvo respuesta de 23 (74 por ciento). De las 77 encueatas enviadas se recibieron de vuelta 61 (79 por ciento), donde el 75 de los kinesiológos ejecutaba el procedimiento de succión. Se observó un grado relevante de desinformación sobre los reales alcances de la técnica, además de advertirse que el número de kinesiológos especializados en el área neonatológica es reducido (30 por ciento). Se estima la necesidad de especialización y de reconocimiento intra e interdisciplinario


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Health Surveys , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Monitoring, Physiologic
18.
Rev. obstet. ginecol. Venezuela ; 56(4): 199-209, dic. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-203372

ABSTRACT

La Maternidad Concepcion Palacios, asiste entre 2300 y 2400 nacimientos por mes, de los cuales sólo un 0,67 por ciento ingresan a la unidad de cuidados neonatales intensivos. Se determinó el costo de cada paciente asistido en la unidad, con el objetivo de dar a conocer los resultados y presentar el minucioso método de cálculo de esta evaluación económica. La investigación se realizó durante el mes de marzo de 1996, resultando un total de 645754 bolívares por cada neonato que atendió la unidad; con un costo al momento del ingreso de 26521 y un gasto diario de 45699 bolívares. Contamos con un promedio cama-día de 8, un porcentaje de ocupación del 85 por ciento, un promedio de estancia de 13 días y un intervalo de sustitución de 3 días. De la unidad egresan mensualmente 13 casos con una mortalidad del 42 por ciento


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Direct Service Costs , Intensive Care, Neonatal/economics , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Health Care Costs/classification
20.
Rev. Soc. obstet. ginecol. B.Aires ; 75(918): 44-55, mayo 1996. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-177399

ABSTRACT

El objetivo es determinar las diferencias en el resultado perinatal del embarazo triple (n=31) comparado con el doble (n=122). Se estudian aspectos como la influencia de la procreación asistida, la edad del embarazo y la vía de terminación del mismo. El parto prematuro ocurrió con mayor frecuencia en el triple (90,3 por ciento) que en el doble (51,5 por ciento). El peso del recién nacido fue significativamente menor (1693 versus 2318 grs.), lo mismo que la edad gestacional al momento del parto (33,1 versus 36,1 sem) en el primer grupo. Se encontro una mayor frecuencia de discordancia de peso al nacer (35,5 versus 14,7 por ciento), una internación en terapia intensiva neonatal más prolongada (32,5 versus 19,3 días) y una mayor mortalidad perinatal (108 versus 33 por mil) entre los triples. Se debe aconsejar a la paciente y a toda su familia sobre los cuidados que debe recibir e informar con anticipación los probables resultados perinatales del embarazo triple


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy, Multiple/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Perinatal Mortality , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology , Apgar Score , Birth Weight , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Perinatology/statistics & numerical data
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